Temperature scales used in science and engineering
Temperature is measured using several different scales depending on the application. Electronics, HVAC, industrial automation, physics and chemistry often require conversions between Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), Kelvin (K) and Rankine (°R). This calculator lets you enter any one value and instantly see the equivalent in all other scales.
Conversion formulas
Celsius ↔ Fahrenheit
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
Celsius ↔ Kelvin
K = °C + 273.15°C = K − 273.15
Fahrenheit ↔ Rankine
°R = °F + 459.67°F = °R − 459.67
Kelvin ↔ Rankine
°R = K × 1.8K = °R / 1.8
Quick reference table for common temperatures
| Temperature | °C | °F | K | °R |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freezing point of water | 0 | 32 | 273.15 | 491.67 |
| Room temperature | 25 | 77 | 298.15 | 536.67 |
| Human body temperature | 37 | 98.6 | 310.15 | 558.27 |
| Boiling point of water | 100 | 212 | 373.15 | 671.67 |
How to use the Temperature Conversion Calculator
- Select the temperature scale: Choose whether you want to enter a value in °C, °F, K or °R.
- Enter the temperature: The calculator instantly updates all other scales using the correct conversion formulas.
- Use the converted values: Apply the results to thermal analysis, sensor calibration, environmental testing or scientific calculations.
Design and engineering notes
- Kelvin and Rankine are absolute scales: Both start at absolute zero, making them essential for thermodynamics.
- Celsius is common in scientific and industrial work: Most sensor datasheets and environmental specs use °C.
- Fahrenheit is used mainly in the U.S.: HVAC, weather, and consumer devices often specify °F.
- Unit consistency matters: Mixing units in equations (e.g., using °C where K is required) is a common source of engineering errors.
This calculator simplifies temperature conversions so you can focus on analysis, testing and design without manually memorizing formulas or conversion factors.
